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2015 ; 5
(3
): 288-306
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Retromer-Mediated Trafficking of Transmembrane Receptors and Transporters
#MMPMID26154780
Klinger SC
; Siupka P
; Nielsen MS
Membranes (Basel)
2015[Jul]; 5
(3
): 288-306
PMID26154780
show ga
Transport between the endoplasmatic reticulum, the Golgi-network, the
endo-lysosomal system and the cell surface can be categorized as anterograde or
retrograde, describing traffic that goes forward or backward, respectively.
Traffic going from the plasma membrane to endosomes and lysosomes or the
trans-Golgi network (TGN) constitutes the major retrograde transport routes.
Several transmembrane proteins undergo retrograde transport as part of a
recycling mechanism that contributes to reutilization and maintenance of a
steady-state protein localization. In addition, some receptors are hijacked by
exotoxins and used for entry and intracellular transport. The physiological
relevance of retrograde transport cannot be overstated. Retrograde trafficking of
the amyloid precursor protein determines the distribution between organelles, and
hence the possibility of cleavage by ?-secretase. Right balancing of the pathways
is critical for protection against Alzheimer's disease. During embryonic
development, retrograde transport of Wntless to the TGN is essential for the
following release of Wnt from the plasma membrane. Furthermore, overexpression of
Wntless has been linked to oncogenesis. Here, we review relevant aspects of the
retrograde trafficking of mammalian transmembrane receptors and transporters,
with focus on the retromer-mediated transport between endosomes and the TGN.