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2016 ; 89
(4
): 459-463
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Respiratory manifestations in endocrine diseases
#MMPMID27857512
Lencu C
; Alexescu T
; Petrulea M
; Lencu M
Clujul Med
2016[]; 89
(4
): 459-463
PMID27857512
show ga
The control mechanisms of respiration as a vital function are complex: voluntary
- cortical, and involuntary - metabolic, neural, emotional and endocrine.
Hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides (that act as neurotrasmitters and
neuromodulators in the central nervous system) play a role in the regulation of
respiration and in bronchopulmonary morphology. This article presents respiratory
manifestations in adult endocrine diseases that evolve with hormone deficit or
hypersecretion. In hyperthyroidism, patients develop ventilation disorders,
obstructive and central sleep apnea, and pleural collection. The respiratory
abnormalities in hyperthyroidism as a result of the hypermetabolic action of
thyroid hormones are hyperventilation, myopathy and cardiovascular involvement;
recent studies have reported pulmonary arterial hypertension in Graves' disease,
as a result of the association of several mechanisms. Thyroid hypertrophy can
induce through compression of the upper airways dyspnea, stridor, wheezing and
cough. The respiratory disorders in acromegaly are ventilatory dysfunction and
sleep apnea, which contribute to an unfavorable evolution of the disease.
Respiratory changes in parathyroid, adrenal and reproductive system diseases have
been described. Respiratory disorders should be recognized, investigated and
monitored by medical practitioners of various specialties (family physicians,
internists, endocrinologists, pneumologists, cardiologists). They are frequently
severe, causing an unfavorable evolution of the associated endocrine and
respiratory disease.
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