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2017 ; 36
(2
): 117-131
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Renal sodium handling and sodium sensitivity
#MMPMID28680820
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; Wainford RD
Kidney Res Clin Pract
2017[Jun]; 36
(2
): 117-131
PMID28680820
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The pathophysiology of hypertension, which affects over 1 billion individuals
worldwide, involves the integration of the actions of multiple organ systems,
including the kidney. The kidney, which governs sodium excretion via several
mechanisms including pressure natriuresis and the actions of renal sodium
transporters, is central to long term blood pressure regulation and the salt
sensitivity of blood pressure. The impact of renal sodium handling and the salt
sensitivity of blood pressure in health and hypertension is a critical public
health issue owing to the excess of dietary salt consumed globally and the
significant percentage of the global population exhibiting salt sensitivity. This
review highlights recent advances that have provided new insight into the renal
handling of sodium and the salt sensitivity of blood pressure, with a focus on
genetic, inflammatory, dietary, sympathetic nervous system and oxidative stress
mechanisms that influence renal sodium excretion. Increased understanding of the
multiple integrated mechanisms that regulate the renal handling of sodium and the
salt sensitivity of blood pressure has the potential to identify novel
therapeutic targets and refine dietary guidelines designed to treat and prevent
hypertension.
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