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2015 ; 6
(ä): 167
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Renal erythropoietin-producing cells in health and disease
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Souma T
; Suzuki N
; Yamamoto M
Front Physiol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 167
PMID26089800
show ga
Erythropoietin (Epo) is an indispensable erythropoietic hormone primarily
produced from renal Epo-producing cells (REPs). Epo production in REPs is tightly
regulated in a hypoxia-inducible manner to maintain tissue oxygen homeostasis.
Insufficient Epo production by REPs causes renal anemia and anemia associated
with chronic disorders. Recent studies have broadened our understanding of REPs
from prototypic hypoxia-responsive cells to dynamic fibrogenic cells. In chronic
kidney disease, REPs are the major source of scar-forming myofibroblasts and
actively produce fibrogenic molecules, including inflammatory cytokines. Notably,
myofibroblast-transformed REPs (MF-REPs) recover their original physiological
properties after resolution of the disease insults, suggesting that renal anemia
and fibrosis could be reversible to some extent. Therefore, understanding the
plasticity of REPs will lead to the development of novel targeted therapeutics
for both renal fibrosis and anemia. This review summarizes the regulatory
mechanisms how hypoxia-inducible Epo gene expression is attained in health and
disease conditions.