Renal development in the fetus and premature infant
#MMPMID28161315
Rosenblum S
; Pal A
; Reidy K
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med
2017[Apr]; 22
(2
): 58-66
PMID28161315
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Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are one of the
leading congenital defects to be identified on prenatal ultrasound. CAKUT
represent a broad spectrum of abnormalities, from transient hydronephrosis to
severe bilateral renal agenesis. CAKUT are a major contributor to chronic and end
stage kidney disease (CKD/ESKD) in children. Prenatal imaging is useful to
identify CAKUT, but will not detect all defects. Both genetic abnormalities and
the fetal environment contribute to CAKUT. Monogenic gene mutations identified in
human CAKUT have advanced our understanding of molecular mechanisms of renal
development. Low nephron number and solitary kidneys are associated with
increased risk of adult onset CKD and ESKD. Premature and low birth weight
infants represent a high risk population for low nephron number. Additional
research is needed to identify biomarkers and appropriate follow-up of premature
and low birth weight infants into adulthood.
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