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2016 ; 6
(ä): 28263
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Relativistic-microwave theory of ball lightning
#MMPMID27328835
Wu HC
Sci Rep
2016[Jun]; 6
(ä): 28263
PMID27328835
show ga
Ball lightning, a fireball sometimes observed during lightnings, has remained
unexplained. Here we present a comprehensive theory for the phenomenon: At the
tip of a lightning stroke reaching the ground, a relativistic electron bunch can
be produced, which in turn excites intense microwave radiation. The latter
ionizes the local air and the radiation pressure evacuates the resulting plasma,
forming a spherical plasma bubble that stably traps the radiation. This mechanism
is verified by particle simulations. The many known properties of ball lightning,
such as the occurrence site, relation to the lightning channels, appearance in
aircraft, its shape, size, sound, spark, spectrum, motion, as well as the
resulting injuries and damages, are also explained. Our theory suggests that ball
lighting can be created in the laboratory or triggered during thunderstorms. Our
results should be useful for lightning protection and aviation safety, as well as
stimulate research interest in the relativistic regime of microwave physics.