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2015 ; 6
(ä): 949
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Regulatory principles governing Salmonella and Yersinia virulence
#MMPMID26441883
Erhardt M
; Dersch P
Front Microbiol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 949
PMID26441883
show ga
Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella and Yersinia evolved numerous strategies to
survive and proliferate in different environmental reservoirs and mammalian
hosts. Deciphering common and pathogen-specific principles for how these bacteria
adjust and coordinate spatiotemporal expression of virulence determinants, stress
adaptation, and metabolic functions is fundamental to understand microbial
pathogenesis. In order to manage sudden environmental changes, attacks by the
host immune systems and microbial competition, the pathogens employ a plethora of
transcriptional and post-transcriptional control elements, including
transcription factors, sensory and regulatory RNAs, RNAses, and proteases, to
fine-tune and control complex gene regulatory networks. Many of the contributing
global regulators and the molecular mechanisms of regulation are frequently
conserved between Yersinia and Salmonella. However, the interplay, arrangement,
and composition of the control elements vary between these closely related
enteric pathogens, which generate phenotypic differences leading to distinct
pathogenic properties. In this overview we present common and different
regulatory networks used by Salmonella and Yersinia to coordinate the expression
of crucial motility, cell adhesion and invasion determinants, immune defense
strategies, and metabolic adaptation processes. We highlight evolutionary changes
of the gene regulatory circuits that result in different properties of the
regulatory elements and how this influences the overall outcome of the infection
process.