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Regulatory mechanisms of microRNA expression
#MMPMID27197967
Gulyaeva LF
; Kushlinskiy NE
J Transl Med
2016[May]; 14
(1
): 143
PMID27197967
show ga
MicroRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) are small molecules of 18-22 nucleotides that serve as
important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. One of
the mechanisms through which miRNAs regulate gene expression involves the
interaction of their "seed" sequences primarily with 3'-end and more rarely with
5'-end, of mRNA transcribed from target genes. Numerous studies over the past
decade have been devoted to quantitative and qualitative assessment of miRNAs
expression and have shown remarkable changes in miRNA expression profiles in
various diseases. Thus, profiling of miRNA expression can be an important tool
for diagnostics and treatment of disease. However, less attention has been paid
towards understanding the underlying reasons for changes in miRNA expression,
especially in cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to analyze and
systematize current data that explains reasons for changes in the expression of
miRNAs. The review will cover both transcriptional (changes in gene expression
and promoter hypermethylation) and post-transcriptional (changes in miRNA
processing) mechanisms of regulation of miRNA expression, as well as effects of
endogenous (hormones, cytokines) and exogenous (xenobiotics) compounds on the
miRNA expression. The review will summarize the complex multilevel regulation of
miRNA expression, in relation to cell type, physiological state of the body and
various external factors.
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