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2018 ; 2018
(ä): 3537471
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Regulation of Tumor Progression by Programmed Necrosis
#MMPMID29636841
Lee SY
; Ju MK
; Jeon HM
; Jeong EK
; Lee YJ
; Kim CH
; Park HG
; Han SI
; Kang HS
Oxid Med Cell Longev
2018[]; 2018
(ä): 3537471
PMID29636841
show ga
Rapidly growing malignant tumors frequently encounter hypoxia and nutrient (e.g.,
glucose) deprivation, which occurs because of insufficient blood supply. This
results in necrotic cell death in the core region of solid tumors. Necrotic cells
release their cellular cytoplasmic contents into the extracellular space, such as
high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is a nonhistone nuclear protein, but
acts as a proinflammatory and tumor-promoting cytokine when released by necrotic
cells. These released molecules recruit immune and inflammatory cells, which
exert tumor-promoting activity by inducing angiogenesis, proliferation, and
invasion. Development of a necrotic core in cancer patients is also associated
with poor prognosis. Conventionally, necrosis has been thought of as an
unregulated process, unlike programmed cell death processes like apoptosis and
autophagy. Recently, necrosis has been recognized as a programmed cell death,
encompassing processes such as oncosis, necroptosis, and others. Metabolic
stress-induced necrosis and its regulatory mechanisms have been poorly
investigated until recently. Snail and Dlx-2, EMT-inducing transcription factors,
are responsible for metabolic stress-induced necrosis in tumors. Snail and Dlx-2
contribute to tumor progression by promoting necrosis and inducing EMT and
oncogenic metabolism. Oncogenic metabolism has been shown to play a role(s) in
initiating necrosis. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying
metabolic stress-induced programmed necrosis that promote tumor progression and
aggressiveness.