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2003 ; 9
(12
): 2635-41
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Reg gene family and human diseases
#MMPMID14669303
Zhang YW
; Ding LS
; Lai MD
World J Gastroenterol
2003[Dec]; 9
(12
): 2635-41
PMID14669303
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Regenerating gene (Reg or REG) family, within the superfamily of C-type lectin,
is mainly involved in the liver, pancreatic, gastric and intestinal cell
proliferation or differentiation. Considerable attention has focused on Reg
family and its structurally related molecules. Over the last 15 years, 17 members
of the Reg family have been cloned and sequenced. They have been considered as
members of a conserved protein family sharing structural and some functional
properties being involved in injury, inflammation, diabetes and carcinogenesis.
We previously identified Reg IV as a strong candidate for a gene that was highly
expressed in colorectal adenoma when compared to normal mucosa based on
suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), reverse Northern blot,
semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and Northern blot. In situ
hybridization results further support that overexpression of Reg IV may be an
early event in colorectal carcinogenesis. We suggest that detection of Reg IV
overexpression might be useful in the early diagnosis of carcinomatous
transformation of adenoma. This review summarizes the roles of Reg family in
diseases in the literature as well as our recent results of Reg IV in colorectal
cancer. The biological properties of Reg family and its possible roles in human
diseases are discussed. We particularly focus on the roles of Reg family as
sensitive reactants of tissue injury, prognostic indicators of tumor survival and
early biomarkers of carcinogenesis. In addition to our current understanding of
Reg gene functions, we postulate that there might be relationships between Reg
family and microsatellite instability, apoptosis and cancer with a poor
prognosis. Investigation of the correlation between tumor Reg expression and
survival rate, and analysis of the Reg gene status in human malignancies, are
required to elucidate the biologic consequences of Reg gene expression, the
implications for Reg gene regulation of cell growth, tumorigenesis, and the
progression of cancer. It needs to be further attested whether Reg gene family is
applicable in early detection of cancer and whether Reg and Reg-related molecules
can offer novel molecular targets for anticancer therapeutics. This has
implications with regard to prognosis, such as in monitoring cancer initiation,
progression and recurrence, as well as the design of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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