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2013 ; 55
(1-3
): 125-34
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Redefining the major peanut allergens
#MMPMID22948807
Zhuang Y
; Dreskin SC
Immunol Res
2013[Mar]; 55
(1-3
): 125-34
PMID22948807
show ga
Food allergy has become a major public health concern in westernized countries,
and allergic reactions to peanuts are particularly common and severe. Allergens
are defined as antigens that elicit an IgE response, and most allergenic
materials (e.g., pollens, danders, and foods) contain multiple allergenic
proteins. This has led to the concept that there are "major" allergens and
allergens of less importance. "Major allergens" have been defined as allergens
that bind a large amount of IgE from the majority of patients and have biologic
activity. However, the ability of an allergen to cross-link complexes of IgE and
its high-affinity receptor Fc?RI (IgE/Fc?RI), which we have termed its allergic
effector activity, does not correlate well with assays of IgE binding. To
identify the proteins that are the most active allergens in peanuts, we and
others have employed in vitro model assays of allergen-mediated cross-linking of
IgE/Fc?RI complexes and have demonstrated that the most potent allergens are not
necessarily those that bind the most IgE. The importance of a specific allergen
can be determined by measuring the allergic effector activity of that allergen
following purification under non-denaturing conditions and by specifically
removing the allergen from a complex allergenic extract either by chromatography
or by specific immunodepletion. In our studies of peanut allergens, our
laboratory has found that two related allergens, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6, together
account for the majority of the effector activity in a crude peanut extract.
Furthermore, murine studies demonstrated that Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are not only
the major elicitors of anaphylaxis in this system, but also can effectively
desensitize peanut-allergic mice. As a result of these observations, we propose
that the definition of a major allergen should be based on the potency of that
allergen in assays of allergic effector activity and demonstration that removal
of that allergen from an extract results in loss of potency. Using these
criteria, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are the major peanut allergens.
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