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2018 ; 8
(1
): 6296
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Reconstructing the Neanderthal brain using computational anatomy
#MMPMID29700382
Kochiyama T
; Ogihara N
; Tanabe HC
; Kondo O
; Amano H
; Hasegawa K
; Suzuki H
; Ponce de León MS
; Zollikofer CPE
; Bastir M
; Stringer C
; Sadato N
; Akazawa T
Sci Rep
2018[Apr]; 8
(1
): 6296
PMID29700382
show ga
The present study attempted to reconstruct 3D brain shape of Neanderthals and
early Homo sapiens based on computational neuroanatomy. We found that early Homo
sapiens had relatively larger cerebellar hemispheres but a smaller occipital
region in the cerebrum than Neanderthals long before the time that Neanderthals
disappeared. Further, using behavioural and structural imaging data of living
humans, the abilities such as cognitive flexibility, attention, the language
processing, episodic and working memory capacity were positively correlated with
size-adjusted cerebellar volume. As the cerebellar hemispheres are structured as
a large array of uniform neural modules, a larger cerebellum may possess a larger
capacity for cognitive information processing. Such a neuroanatomical difference
in the cerebellum may have caused important differences in cognitive and social
abilities between the two species and might have contributed to the replacement
of Neanderthals by early Homo sapiens.
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