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2017 ; 6
(ä): 749
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Recent advances in understanding contextual TGF? signaling
#MMPMID28649369
Ayyaz A
; Attisano L
; Wrana JL
F1000Res
2017[]; 6
(ä): 749
PMID28649369
show ga
The appearance of the first animal species on earth coincides with the emergence
of transforming growth factor ? (TGF?) pathways. The evolution of these animals
into more complex organisms coincides with a progressively increased TGF?
repertoire through gene duplications and divergence, making secreted TGF?
molecules the largest family of morphogenetic proteins in humans. It is therefore
not surprising that TGF? pathways govern numerous aspects of human biology from
early embryonic development to regeneration, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and
immunity. Such heavy reliance on these pathways is reflected in the
susceptibility to minor perturbations in pathway components that can lead to
dysregulated signaling and a diverse range of human pathologies such as cancer,
fibrosis, and developmental disorders. Attempts to comprehensively resolve these
signaling cascades are complicated by the long-recognized paradoxical role the
pathway plays in cell biology. Recently, several groups have probed examples of
the disparate aspects of TGF? biology in a variety of animal models and uncovered
novel context-dependent regulatory mechanisms. Here, we briefly review recent
advancements and discuss their overall impact in directing future TGF? research.
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