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2016 ; 7
(ä): 703
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Recent Advances in Genome Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9
#MMPMID27252719
Ding Y
; Li H
; Chen LL
; Xie K
Front Plant Sci
2016[]; 7
(ä): 703
PMID27252719
show ga
The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9
(CRISPR-associated nuclease 9) system is a versatile tool for genome engineering
that uses a guide RNA (gRNA) to target Cas9 to a specific sequence. This simple
RNA-guided genome-editing technology has become a revolutionary tool in biology
and has many innovative applications in different fields. In this review, we
briefly introduce the Cas9-mediated genome-editing method, summarize the recent
advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and discuss their implications for plant
research. To date, targeted gene knockout using the Cas9/gRNA system has been
established in many plant species, and the targeting efficiency and capacity of
Cas9 has been improved by optimizing its expression and that of its gRNA. The
CRISPR/Cas9 system can also be used for sequence-specific mutagenesis/integration
and transcriptional control of target genes. We also discuss off-target effects
and the constraint that the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) puts on CRISPR/Cas9
genome engineering. To address these problems, a number of bioinformatic tools
are available to help design specific gRNAs, and new Cas9 variants and orthologs
with high fidelity and alternative PAM specificities have been engineered. Owing
to these recent efforts, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is becoming a revolutionary and
flexible tool for genome engineering. Adoption of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in
plant research would enable the investigation of plant biology at an
unprecedented depth and create innovative applications in precise crop breeding.