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2014 ; 4
(1
): 315-53
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Re-configuration of sphingolipid metabolism by oncogenic transformation
#MMPMID24970218
Don AS
; Lim XY
; Couttas TA
Biomolecules
2014[Mar]; 4
(1
): 315-53
PMID24970218
show ga
The sphingolipids are one of the major lipid families in eukaryotes,
incorporating a diverse array of structural variants that exert a powerful
influence over cell fate and physiology. Increased expression of sphingosine
kinase 1 (SPHK1), which catalyses the synthesis of the pro-survival,
pro-angiogenic metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is well established as a
hallmark of multiple cancers. Metabolic alterations that reduce levels of the
pro-apoptotic lipid ceramide, particularly its glucosylation by glucosylceramide
synthase (GCS), have frequently been associated with cancer drug resistance.
However, the simple notion that the balance between ceramide and S1P, often
referred to as the sphingolipid rheostat, dictates cell survival contrasts with
recent studies showing that highly potent and selective SPHK1 inhibitors do not
affect cancer cell proliferation or survival, and studies demonstrating higher
ceramide levels in some metastatic cancers. Recent reports have implicated other
sphingolipid metabolic enzymes such as acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) more strongly
in cancer pathogenesis, and highlight lysosomal sphingolipid metabolism as a
possible weak point for therapeutic targeting in cancer. This review describes
the evidence implicating different sphingolipid metabolic enzymes and their
products in cancer pathogenesis, and suggests how newer systems-level approaches
may improve our overall understanding of how oncogenic transformation
reconfigures sphingolipid metabolism.