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2015 ; 32
(2
): 156-62
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Radiation-related injuries and their management: an update
#MMPMID26038622
Wunderle K
; Gill AS
Semin Intervent Radiol
2015[Jun]; 32
(2
): 156-62
PMID26038622
show ga
Ionizing radiation (in the form of X-rays) is used for the majority of procedures
in interventional radiology. This review article aimed at promoting safer use of
this tool through a better understanding of radiation dose and radiation effects,
and by providing guidance for setting up a quality assurance program. To this
end, the authors describe different radiation descriptive quantities and their
individual strengths and challenges, as well as the biologic effects of ionizing
radiation, including patient-related effects such as tissue reactions (previously
known as deterministic effects) and stochastic effects. In this article, the
clinical presentation, immediate management, and clinical follow-up of these
injuries are also discussed. Tissue reactions are important primarily from the
patients' perspective, whereas stochastic effects are most relevant for pediatric
patients and from an occupational viewpoint. The factors affecting the likelihood
of skin reaction (the most common tissue reaction) are described, and how this
condition should be managed is discussed. Setting up a robust quality assurance
program around radiation dose is imperative for effective monitoring and
reduction of radiation exposure to patients and operators. Recommendations for
the pre-, peri-, and postprocedure periods are given, including recommendations
for follow-up of high-dose cases. Special conditions such as pregnancy and
radiation recall are also discussed.