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2016 ; 4
(3
): 254-264
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Pubertal development and regulation
#MMPMID26852256
Abreu AP
; Kaiser UB
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
2016[Mar]; 4
(3
): 254-264
PMID26852256
show ga
Puberty marks the end of childhood and is a period when individuals undergo
physiological and psychological changes to achieve sexual maturation and
fertility. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis controls puberty and
reproduction and is tightly regulated by a complex network of excitatory and
inhibitory factors. This axis is active in the embryonic and early postnatal
stages of life and is subsequently restrained during childhood, and its
reactivation culminates in puberty initiation. The mechanisms underlying this
reactivation are not completely known. The age of puberty onset varies between
individuals and the timing of puberty initiation is associated with several
health outcomes in adult life. In this Series paper, we discuss pubertal markers,
epidemiological trends of puberty initiation over time, and the mechanisms
whereby genetic, metabolic, and other factors control secretion of
gonadotropin-releasing hormone to determine initiation of puberty.
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