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2016 ; 7
(ä): 294
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Psychosis and the Control of Lucid Dreaming
#MMPMID27014118
Mota NB
; Resende A
; Mota-Rolim SA
; Copelli M
; Ribeiro S
Front Psychol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 294
PMID27014118
show ga
Dreaming and psychosis share important features, such as intrinsic sense
perceptions independent of external stimulation, and a general lack of criticism
that is associated with reduced frontal cerebral activity. Awareness of dreaming
while a dream is happening defines lucid dreaming (LD), a state in which the
prefrontal cortex is more active than during regular dreaming. For this reason,
LD has been proposed to be potentially therapeutic for psychotic patients.
According to this view, psychotic patients would be expected to report LD less
frequently, and with lower control ability, than healthy subjects. Furthermore,
psychotic patients able to experience LD should present milder psychiatric
symptoms, in comparison with psychotic patients unable to experience LD. To test
these hypotheses, we investigated LD features (occurrence, control abilities,
frequency, and affective valence) and psychiatric symptoms (measure by PANSS,
BPRS, and automated speech analysis) in 45 subjects with psychotic symptoms [25
with Schizophrenia (S) and 20 with Bipolar Disorder (B) diagnosis] versus 28
non-psychotic control (C) subjects. Psychotic lucid dreamers reported control of
their dreams more frequently (67% of S and 73% of B) than non-psychotic lucid
dreamers (only 23% of C; S > C with p = 0.0283, B > C with p = 0.0150).
Importantly, there was no clinical advantage for lucid dreamers among psychotic
patients, even for the diagnostic question specifically related to lack of
judgment and insight. Despite some limitations (e.g., transversal design, large
variation of medications), these preliminary results support the notion that LD
is associated with psychosis, but falsify the hypotheses that we set out to test.
A possible explanation is that psychosis enhances the experience of internal
reality in detriment of external reality, and therefore lucid dreamers with
psychotic symptoms would be more able to control their internal reality than
non-psychotic lucid dreamers. Training dream lucidity is likely to produce safe
psychological strengthening in a non-psychotic population, but in a psychotic
population LD practice may further empower deliria and hallucinations, giving
internal reality the appearance of external reality.
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