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2012 ; 36
(4
): 893-916
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Pseudomonas biofilm matrix composition and niche biology
#MMPMID22212072
Mann EE
; Wozniak DJ
FEMS Microbiol Rev
2012[Jul]; 36
(4
): 893-916
PMID22212072
show ga
Biofilms are a predominant form of growth for bacteria in the environment and in
the clinic. Critical for biofilm development are adherence, proliferation, and
dispersion phases. Each of these stages includes reinforcement by, or modulation
of, the extracellular matrix. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been a model organism
for the study of biofilm formation. Additionally, other Pseudomonas species
utilize biofilm formation during plant colonization and environmental
persistence. Pseudomonads produce several biofilm matrix molecules, including
polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins. Accessory matrix components shown
to aid biofilm formation and adaptability under varying conditions are also
produced by pseudomonads. Adaptation facilitated by biofilm formation allows for
selection of genetic variants with unique and distinguishable colony morphology.
Examples include rugose small-colony variants and wrinkly spreaders (WS), which
over produce Psl/Pel or cellulose, respectively, and mucoid bacteria that over
produce alginate. The well-documented emergence of these variants suggests that
pseudomonads take advantage of matrix-building subpopulations conferring specific
benefits for the entire population. This review will focus on various
polysaccharides as well as additional Pseudomonas biofilm matrix components.
Discussions will center on structure-function relationships, regulation, and the
role of individual matrix molecules in niche biology.
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