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2017 ; 26
(7
): 1427-1438
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Proteins mediating DNA loops effectively block transcription
#MMPMID28295806
Vörös Z
; Yan Y
; Kovari DT
; Finzi L
; Dunlap D
Protein Sci
2017[Jul]; 26
(7
): 1427-1438
PMID28295806
show ga
Loops are ubiquitous topological elements formed when proteins simultaneously
bind to two noncontiguous DNA sites. While a loop-mediating protein may regulate
initiation at a promoter, the presence of the protein at the other site may be an
obstacle for RNA polymerases (RNAP) transcribing a different gene. To test
whether a DNA loop alters the extent to which a protein blocks transcription, the
lac repressor (LacI) was used. The outcome of in vitro transcription along
templates containing two LacI operators separated by 400 bp in the presence of
LacI concentrations that produced both looped and unlooped molecules was
visualized with scanning force microscopy (SFM). An analysis of transcription
elongation complexes, moving for 60 s at an average of 10 nt/s on unlooped DNA
templates, revealed that they more often surpassed LacI bound to the lower
affinity O2 operator than to the highest affinity Os operator. However, this
difference was abrogated in looped DNA molecules where LacI became a strong
roadblock independently of the affinity of the operator. Recordings of
transcription elongation complexes, using magnetic tweezers, confirmed that they
halted for several minutes upon encountering a LacI bound to a single operator.
The average pause lifetime is compatible with RNAP waiting for LacI dissociation,
however, the LacI open conformation visualized in the SFM images also suggests
that LacI could straddle RNAP to let it pass. Independently of the mechanism by
which RNAP bypasses the LacI roadblock, the data indicate that an obstacle with
looped topology more effectively interferes with transcription.