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2015 ; 16
(8
): 17193-230
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Protein Folding and Mechanisms of Proteostasis
#MMPMID26225966
Díaz-Villanueva JF
; Díaz-Molina R
; García-González V
Int J Mol Sci
2015[Jul]; 16
(8
): 17193-230
PMID26225966
show ga
Highly sophisticated mechanisms that modulate protein structure and function,
which involve synthesis and degradation, have evolved to maintain cellular
homeostasis. Perturbations in these mechanisms can lead to protein dysfunction as
well as deleterious cell processes. Therefore in recent years the etiology of a
great number of diseases has been attributed to failures in mechanisms that
modulate protein structure. Interconnections among metabolic and cell signaling
pathways are critical for homeostasis to converge on mechanisms associated with
protein folding as well as for the preservation of the native structure of
proteins. For instance, imbalances in secretory protein synthesis pathways lead
to a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which elicits the
adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR). Therefore, taking this into
consideration, a key part of this paper is developed around the protein folding
phenomenon, and cellular mechanisms which support this pivotal condition. We
provide an overview of chaperone protein function, UPR via, spatial
compartmentalization of protein folding, proteasome role, autophagy, as well as
the intertwining between these processes. Several diseases are known to have a
molecular etiology in the malfunction of mechanisms responsible for protein
folding and in the shielding of native structure, phenomena which ultimately lead
to misfolded protein accumulation. This review centers on our current knowledge
about pathways that modulate protein folding, and cell responses involved in
protein homeostasis.