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2016 ; 274
(1
): 172-190
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Properdin: a tightly regulated critical inflammatory modulator
#MMPMID27782331
Blatt AZ
; Pathan S
; Ferreira VP
Immunol Rev
2016[Nov]; 274
(1
): 172-190
PMID27782331
show ga
The complement alternative pathway is a powerful arm of the innate immune system
that enhances diverse inflammatory responses in the human host. Key to the
effects of the alternative pathway is properdin, a serum glycoprotein that can
both initiate and positively regulate alternative pathway activity. Properdin is
produced by many different leukocyte subsets and circulates as cyclic oligomers
of monomeric subunits. While the formation of non-physiological aggregates in
purified properdin preparations and the presence of potential properdin
inhibitors in serum have complicated studies of its function, properdin has,
regardless, emerged as a key player in various inflammatory disease models. Here,
we review basic properdin biology, emphasizing the major hurdles that have
complicated the interpretation of results from properdin-centered studies. In
addition, we elaborate on an emerging role for properdin in thromboinflammation
and discuss the potential utility of properdin inhibitors as long-term
therapeutic options to treat diseases marked by increased formation of
platelet/granulocyte aggregates. Finally, we describe the interplay between
properdin and the alternative pathway negative regulator, Factor H, and how
aiming to understand these interactions can provide scientists with the most
effective ways to manipulate alternative pathway activation in complex systems.