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2017 ; 18
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Promoting the Multidimensional Character of Scientific Reasoning
#MMPMID28512524
Bradshaw WS
; Nelson J
; Adams BJ
; Bell JD
J Microbiol Biol Educ
2017[Apr]; 18
(1
): ä PMID28512524
show ga
This study reports part of a long-term program to help students improve
scientific reasoning using higher-order cognitive tasks set in the discipline of
cell biology. This skill was assessed using problems requiring the construction
of valid conclusions drawn from authentic research data. We report here efforts
to confirm the hypothesis that data interpretation is a complex, multifaceted
exercise. Confirmation was obtained using a statistical treatment showing that
various such problems rank students differently-each contains a unique set of
cognitive challenges. Additional analyses of performance results have allowed us
to demonstrate that individuals differ in their capacity to navigate five
independent generic elements that constitute successful data interpretation:
biological context, connection to course concepts, experimental protocols, data
inference, and integration of isolated experimental observations into a coherent
model. We offer these aspects of scientific thinking as a "data analysis skills
inventory," along with usable sample problems that illustrate each element.
Additionally, we show that this kind of reasoning is rigorous in that it is
difficult for most novice students, who are unable to intuitively implement
strategies for improving these skills. Instructors armed with knowledge of the
specific challenges presented by different types of problems can provide specific
helpful feedback during formative practice. The use of this instructional model
is most likely to require changes in traditional classroom instruction.