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2016 ; 283
(Pt B
): 573-80
Nephropedia Template TP
Exp Neurol
2016[Sep]; 283
(Pt B
): 573-80
PMID27079997
show ga
Compared to the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nerves have a remarkable
ability to regenerate and remyelinate. This regenerative capacity to a large
extent is dependent on and supported by Schwann cells, the myelin-forming glial
cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In a variety of paradigms, Schwann
cells are critical in the removal of the degenerated tissue, which is followed by
remyelination of newly-regenerated axons. This unique plasticity of Schwann cells
has been the target of myelin repair strategies in acute injuries and chronic
diseases, such as hereditary demyelinating neuropathies. In one approach, the
endogenous regenerative capacity of Schwann cells is enhanced through
interventions such as exercise, electrical stimulation or pharmacological means.
Alternatively, Schwann cells derived from healthy nerves, or engineered from
different tissue sources have been transplanted into the PNS to support
remyelination. These transplant approaches can then be further enhanced by
exercise and/or electrical stimulation, as well as by the inclusion of
biomaterial engineered to support glial cell viability and neurite extension.
Advances in our basic understanding of peripheral nerve biology, as well as
biomaterial engineering, will further improve the functional repair of myelinated
peripheral nerves.
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