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2014 ; 516
(7530
): 263-6
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Programmable RNA recognition and cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9
#MMPMID25274302
O'Connell MR
; Oakes BL
; Sternberg SH
; East-Seletsky A
; Kaplan M
; Doudna JA
Nature
2014[Dec]; 516
(7530
): 263-6
PMID25274302
show ga
The CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that uses
RNA-DNA complementarity to identify target sites for sequence-specific
double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) cleavage. In its native context, Cas9 acts on DNA
substrates exclusively because both binding and catalysis require recognition of
a short DNA sequence, known as the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), next to and
on the strand opposite the twenty-nucleotide target site in dsDNA. Cas9 has
proven to be a versatile tool for genome engineering and gene regulation in a
large range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, and in whole organisms, but
it has been thought to be incapable of targeting RNA. Here we show that Cas9
binds with high affinity to single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) targets matching the
Cas9-associated guide RNA sequence when the PAM is presented in trans as a
separate DNA oligonucleotide. Furthermore, PAM-presenting oligonucleotides
(PAMmers) stimulate site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage of ssRNA targets,
similar to PAM-mediated stimulation of Cas9-catalysed DNA cleavage. Using
specially designed PAMmers, Cas9 can be specifically directed to bind or cut RNA
targets while avoiding corresponding DNA sequences, and we demonstrate that this
strategy enables the isolation of a specific endogenous messenger RNA from cells.
These results reveal a fundamental connection between PAM binding and substrate
selection by Cas9, and highlight the utility of Cas9 for programmable transcript
recognition without the need for tags.
|Base Sequence
[MESH]
|CRISPR-Associated Proteins/*metabolism
[MESH]
|CRISPR-Cas Systems/*physiology
[MESH]
|Cell Extracts
[MESH]
|Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/*genetics
[MESH]