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2016 ; 3
(ä): 52
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Processing of Factor XII during Inflammatory Reactions
#MMPMID27867935
Jukema BN
; de Maat S
; Maas C
Front Med (Lausanne)
2016[]; 3
(ä): 52
PMID27867935
show ga
The contact system was originally identified as an obsolete part of the
coagulation system, but it has been repeatedly implicated in inflammatory states,
such as infection, as well as in allergic- and chronic inflammatory disease.
Under these conditions, there is surprisingly little evidence that factor XII
(FXII) acts as a coagulation factor, and its activity appears to be mainly
directed toward activation of the kallikrein-kinin system. The contact system
factors interact with pathogens as well as cells of the (innate) immune system on
several levels. Among others, these cells may provide negatively charged surfaces
that contribute to contact activation as well as release enzymes that feed into
this system. Furthermore, cellular receptors have been identified that bind
contact factors at sites of inflammation. Based on the accumulated evidence, we
propose a model for enzymatic crosstalk between inflammatory cells and the plasma
contact system. During these reactions, FXII is enzymatically cleaved by
non-contact system enzymes. This generates unactivated FXII fragments that can
subsequently be rapidly activated in the fluid phase. The resulting enzyme lacks
procoagulant properties, but retains its pro-inflammatory characteristic as a
prekallikrein activator.