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2016 ; 10
(5
): 569-76
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Primary ciliary dyskinesia and associated sensory ciliopathies
#MMPMID26967669
Horani A
; Ferkol TW
Expert Rev Respir Med
2016[]; 10
(5
): 569-76
PMID26967669
show ga
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disease of motile cilia, which
belongs to a group of disorders resulting from dysfunction of cilia, collectively
known as ciliopathies. Insights into the genetics and phenotypes of PCD have
grown over the last decade, in part propagated by the discovery of a number of
novel cilia-related genes. These genes encode proteins that segregate into
structural axonemal, regulatory, as well as cytoplasmic assembly proteins. Our
understanding of primary (sensory) cilia has also expanded, and an ever-growing
list of diverse conditions has been linked to defective function and signaling of
the sensory cilium. Recent multicenter clinical and genetic studies have
uncovered the heterogeneity of motile and sensory ciliopathies, and in some
cases, the overlap between these conditions. Here, we will describe the genetics
and pathophysiology of ciliopathies in children, focusing on PCD, review emerging
genotype-phenotype relationships, and diagnostic tools available for the
clinician.