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2017 ; 17
(1
): 485
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Prevalence and determinants of childhood mortality in Nigeria
#MMPMID28532490
Yaya S
; Ekholuenetale M
; Tudeme G
; Vaibhav S
; Bishwajit G
; Kadio B
BMC Public Health
2017[May]; 17
(1
): 485
PMID28532490
show ga
BACKGROUND: Childhood mortality has remained a major challenge to public health
amongst families in Nigeria and other developing countries. The menace of
incessant childhood mortality has been a major concern and this calls for studies
to generate new scientific evidence to determine its prevalence and explore
predisposing factors associated with it in Nigeria. METHOD: Data was obtained
from Nigeria DHS, 2013. The study outcome variable was the total number of
children lost by male partners and female partners respectively who were married.
The difference between the numbers of child births and the number of living
children was used to determine the number of children lost. Study variables were
obtained for 8658 couples captured in the data set. Descriptive statistics were
computed to examine the presence of over-dispersion and zero occurrences. Data
were analysed using STATA Software version 12.0. Zero-inflated negative binomial
(ZINB) regression analysis was carried out to determine the factors associated
with childhood mortality. Results of ZINB were reported in terms of IRR and 95%
confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The age (mean ± std.) of male and female
participants were 36.88 ± 7.37 and 28.59 ± 7.30 respectively. The data showed
that 30.8% women reported loss of children and 37.3% men reported the same
problem. The study revealed age (years), region, residence, education, wealth
index, age at first birth and religion of father and mother as factors associated
with childhood mortality. In terms of education, secondary and tertiary educated
fathers exhibited 3.8% and 12.1% lower risk of childhood mortality respectively
than non-educated fathers. The results showed that the risk of childhood
mortality are 26.7%, 39.7 and 45.9% lower among the mothers having primary,
secondary and tertiary education respectively than those with no formal
education. The mothers living in rural areas experienced 28.3% increase in
childhood mortality than those in urban areas, while the fathers in rural areas
experienced 33.5% increase in childhood mortality than the urban areas. The risk
of childhood mortality was significantly lower in middle, richer and richest
(11.1%, 37.5 and 49%) economic quintiles respectively when compared to the risk
of childhood mortality with female spouse who are poorest. Similar results were
obtained for the fathers, with reduction in the incidence-rate ratio of 3.3%,
20.2 and 28.7% for middle, richer and richest economic quintiles respectively,
compared to the poorest status. Furthermore, region and religion were found to be
significant factors associated with childhood mortality in Nigeria. CONCLUSION:
The findings suggested that age, region, residence, education, wealth index, age
at first birth and religion of fathers and mothers are key determinants
associated with childhood mortality. The correlation between childhood mortality
and fathers' and mothers' ages were found to increase the incidence of the
outcome for every unit increase in age. The converse was however, true for age at
first birth which was also statistically significant. The implication of this
study is that policy makers and stakeholders in health care should provide for
improved living standards to achieve good life expectancy meeting SDG3.
|*Child Mortality
[MESH]
|*Infant Mortality
[MESH]
|Adolescent
[MESH]
|Adult
[MESH]
|Child
[MESH]
|Child, Preschool
[MESH]
|Developing Countries/*statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Fathers/*statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Incidence
[MESH]
|Infant
[MESH]
|Infant, Newborn
[MESH]
|Male
[MESH]
|Middle Aged
[MESH]
|Mothers/*statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Nigeria/epidemiology
[MESH]
|Prevalence
[MESH]
|Regression Analysis
[MESH]
|Risk Assessment/*statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
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