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2016 ; 18
(9
): 68
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Preeclampsia and Extracellular Vesicles
#MMPMID27590522
Gilani SI
; Weissgerber TL
; Garovic VD
; Jayachandran M
Curr Hypertens Rep
2016[Sep]; 18
(9
): 68
PMID27590522
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Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder characterized by development of
hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation that remains a leading
cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. While preeclampsia is
believed to result from complex interactions between maternal and placental
factors, the proximate pathophysiology of this syndrome remains elusive.
Cell-to-cell communication is a critical signaling mechanism for feto-placental
development in normal pregnancies. One mechanism of cellular communication
relates to activated cell-derived sealed membrane vesicles called extracellular
vesicles (EVs). The concentrations and contents of EVs in biological fluids
depend upon their cells of origin and the stimuli which trigger their production.
Research on EVs in preeclampsia has focused on EVs derived from the maternal
vasculature (endothelium, vascular smooth muscle) and blood (erythrocytes,
leukocytes, and platelets), as well as placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Changes in
the concentrations and contents of these EVs may contribute to the
pathophysiology of preeclampsia by accentuating the pro-inflammatory and
pro-coagulatory states of pregnancy. This review focuses on possible interactions
among placental- and maternal-derived EVs and their contents in the initiation
and progression of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Understanding the
contributions of EVs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia may facilitate their use
as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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