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2017 ; 7
(1
): 10244
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Predicting the Ionic Product of Water
#MMPMID28860533
Perlt E
; von Domaros M
; Kirchner B
; Ludwig R
; Weinhold F
Sci Rep
2017[Aug]; 7
(1
): 10244
PMID28860533
show ga
We present a first-principles calculation and mechanistic characterization of the
ion product of liquid water (K (W) ), based on Quantum Cluster Equilibrium (QCE)
theory with a variety of ab initio and density functional methods. The QCE method
is based on T-dependent Boltzmann weighting of different-sized clusters and
consequently enables the observation of thermodynamically less favored and
therefore low populated species such as hydronium and hydroxide ions in water. We
find that common quantum chemical methods achieve semi-quantitative accuracy in
predicting K (W) and its T-dependence. Dominant ion-pair water clusters of the
QCE equilibrium distribution are found to exhibit stable 2-coordinate
buttress-type motifs, all with maximally Grotthus-ordered H-bond patterns that
successfully prevent recombination of hydronium and hydroxide ions at
3-coordinate bridgehead sites. We employ standard quantum chemistry techniques to
describe kinetic and mechanistic aspects of ion-pair formation, and we obtain
NBO-based bonding indices to characterize other electronic, structural,
spectroscopic, and reactive properties of cluster-mediated ionic dissociation.