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2017 ; 9
(8
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Poxviruses Utilize Multiple Strategies to Inhibit Apoptosis
#MMPMID28786952
Nichols DB
; De Martini W
; Cottrell J
Viruses
2017[Aug]; 9
(8
): ä PMID28786952
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Cells have multiple means to induce apoptosis in response to viral infection.
Poxviruses must prevent activation of cellular apoptosis to ensure successful
replication. These viruses devote a substantial portion of their genome to immune
evasion. Many of these immune evasion products expressed during infection
antagonize cellular apoptotic pathways. Poxvirus products target multiple points
in both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, thereby mitigating
apoptosis during infection. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that
poxviruses also hijack cellular means of eliminating apoptotic bodies as a means
to spread cell to cell through a process called apoptotic mimicry. Poxviruses are
the causative agent of many human and veterinary diseases. Further, there is
substantial interest in developing these viruses as vectors for a variety of uses
including vaccine delivery and as oncolytic viruses to treat certain human
cancers. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which
poxviruses regulate the cellular apoptotic pathways remains a top research
priority. In this review, we consider anti-apoptotic strategies of poxviruses
focusing on three relevant poxvirus genera: Orthopoxvirus, Molluscipoxvirus, and
Leporipoxvirus. All three genera express multiple products to inhibit both
extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways with many of these products required
for virulence.
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