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Potential of dietary nitrate in angiogenesis
#MMPMID26516419
Rammos C
; Luedike P
; Hendgen-Cotta U
; Rassaf T
World J Cardiol
2015[Oct]; 7
(10
): 652-7
PMID26516419
show ga
Endothelial dysfunction with impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is the
hallmark in the development of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction
leads to atherosclerosis, characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial
wall and stepwise narrowing of the vessel lumen. Atherosclerosis causes
deprivation of adequate tissue blood flow with compromised oxygen supply. To
overcome this undersupply, remodeling of the vascular network is necessary to
reconstitute and sustain tissue viability. This physiological response is often
not sufficient and therapeutic angiogenesis remains an unmet medical need in
critical limb ischemia or coronary artery disease. Feasible approaches to promote
blood vessel formation are sparse. Administration of pro-angiogenic factors, gene
therapy, or targeting of microRNAs has not yet entered the daily practice. Nitric
oxide is an important mediator of angiogenesis that becomes limited under
ischemic conditions and the maintenance of NO availability might constitute an
attractive therapeutic target. Until recently it was unknown how the organism
provides NO under ischemia. In recent years it could be demonstrated that NO can
be formed independently of its enzymatic synthesis in the endothelium by
reduction of inorganic nitrite under hypoxic conditions. Circulating nitrite
derives from oxidation of NO or reduction of inorganic nitrate by commensal
bacteria in the oral cavity. Intriguingly, nitrate is a common constituent of our
everyday diet and particularly high concentrations are found in leafy green
vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, or beetroot. Evidence suggests that dietary
nitrate supplementation increases the regenerative capacity of ischemic tissue
and that this effect may offer an attractive nutrition-based strategy to improve
ischemia-induced revascularization. We here summarize and discuss the
regenerative capacity of dietary nitrate on the vascular system.
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