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Posttranslational modification of autophagy-related proteins in macroautophagy
#MMPMID25484070
Xie Y
; Kang R
; Sun X
; Zhong M
; Huang J
; Klionsky DJ
; Tang D
Autophagy
2015[]; 11
(1
): 28-45
PMID25484070
show ga
Macroautophagy is an intracellular catabolic process involved in the formation of
multiple membrane structures ranging from phagophores to autophagosomes and
autolysosomes. Dysfunction of macroautophagy is implicated in both physiological
and pathological conditions. To date, 38 autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been
identified as controlling these complicated membrane dynamics during
macroautophagy in yeast; approximately half of these genes are clearly conserved
up to human, and there are additional genes whose products function in autophagy
in higher eukaryotes that are not found in yeast. The function of the ATG
proteins, in particular their ability to interact with a number of
macroautophagic regulators, is modulated by posttranslational modifications
(PTMs) such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation,
lipidation, and proteolysis. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge
of the role of ATG protein PTMs and their functional relevance in macroautophagy.
Unraveling how these PTMs regulate ATG protein function during macroautophagy
will not only reveal fundamental mechanistic insights into the regulatory
process, but also provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of
autophagy-associated diseases.
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