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2015 ; 6
(ä): 482
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Plasmodium cellular effector mechanisms and the hepatic microenvironment
#MMPMID26074888
Frevert U
; Krzych U
Front Microbiol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 482
PMID26074888
show ga
Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains one of the most serious health problems
globally. Immunization with attenuated parasites elicits multiple cellular
effector mechanisms capable of eliminating Plasmodium liver stages. However,
malaria liver stage (LS) immunity is complex and the mechanisms effector T cells
use to locate the few infected hepatocytes in the large liver in order to kill
the intracellular LS parasites remain a mystery to date. Here, we review our
current knowledge on the behavior of CD8 effector T cells in the hepatic
microvasculature, in malaria and other hepatic infections. Taking into account
the unique immunological and lymphogenic properties of the liver, we discuss
whether classical granule-mediated cytotoxicity might eliminate infected
hepatocytes via direct cell contact or whether cytokines might operate without
cell-cell contact and kill Plasmodium LSs at a distance. A thorough understanding
of the cellular effector mechanisms that lead to parasite death hence sterile
protection is a prerequisite for the development of a successful malaria vaccine
to protect the 40% of the world's population currently at risk of Plasmodium
infection.