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2017 ; 312
(3
): L371-L391
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Plasma membrane wounding and repair in pulmonary diseases
#MMPMID28062486
Cong X
; Hubmayr RD
; Li C
; Zhao X
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
2017[Mar]; 312
(3
): L371-L391
PMID28062486
show ga
Various pathophysiological conditions such as surfactant dysfunction, mechanical
ventilation, inflammation, pathogen products, environmental exposures, and
gastric acid aspiration stress lung cells, and the compromise of plasma membranes
occurs as a result. The mechanisms necessary for cells to repair plasma membrane
defects have been extensively investigated in the last two decades, and some of
these key repair mechanisms are also shown to occur following lung cell injury.
Because it was theorized that lung wounding and repair are involved in the
pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in this review, we summarized the experimental evidence
of lung cell injury in these two devastating syndromes and discuss relevant
genetic, physical, and biological injury mechanisms, as well as mechanisms used
by lung cells for cell survival and membrane repair. Finally, we discuss relevant
signaling pathways that may be activated by chronic or repeated lung cell injury
as an extension of our cell injury and repair focus in this review. We hope that
a holistic view of injurious stimuli relevant for ARDS and IPF could lead to
updated experimental models. In addition, parallel discussion of membrane repair
mechanisms in lung cells and injury-activated signaling pathways would encourage
research to bridge gaps in current knowledge. Indeed, deep understanding of lung
cell wounding and repair, and discovery of relevant repair moieties for lung
cells, should inspire the development of new therapies that are likely preventive
and broadly effective for targeting injurious pulmonary diseases.
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