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2014 ; 114
(6
): 1043-8
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Plant and algal cell walls: diversity and functionality
#MMPMID25453142
Popper ZA
; Ralet MC
; Domozych DS
Ann Bot
2014[Oct]; 114
(6
): 1043-8
PMID25453142
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BACKGROUND: Although plants and many algae (e.g. the Phaeophyceae, brown, and
Rhodophyceae, red) are only very distantly related they are united in their
possession of carbohydrate-rich cell walls, which are of integral importance
being involved in many physiological processes. Furthermore,wall components have
applications within food, fuel, pharmaceuticals, fibres (e.g. for textiles and
paper) and building materials and have long been an active topic of research. As
shown in the 27 papers in this Special Issue, as the major deposit of
photosynthetically fixed carbon, and therefore energy investment, cell walls are
of undisputed importance to the organisms that possess them, the photosynthetic
eukaryotes ( plants and algae). The complexities of cell wall components along
with their interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment are becoming
increasingly revealed. SCOPE: The importance of plant and algal cell walls and
their individual components to the function and survival of the organism, and for
a number of industrial applications, are illustrated by the breadth of topics
covered in this issue, which includes papers concentrating on various plants and
algae, developmental stages, organs, cell wall components, and techniques.
Although we acknowledge that there are many alternative ways in which the papers
could be categorized (and many would fit within several topics), we have
organized them as follows: (1) cell wall biosynthesis and remodelling, (2) cell
wall diversity, and (3) application of new technologies to cell walls. Finally,
we will consider future directions within plant cell wall research. Expansion of
the industrial uses of cell walls and potentially novel uses of cell wall
components are both avenues likely to direct future research activities.
Fundamentally, it is the continued progression from characterization (structure,
metabolism, properties and localization) of individual cell wall components
through to defining their roles in almost every aspect of plant and algal
physiology that will present many of the major challenges in future cell wall
research.
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