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2017 ; 2
(1
): e000110
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Pitfalls in the management of peripheral vascular injuries
#MMPMID29766105
Feliciano DV
Trauma Surg Acute Care Open
2017[]; 2
(1
): e000110
PMID29766105
show ga
Over the past 65+ years, most civilian peripheral vascular injuries have been
managed by trauma surgeons with training or experience in vascular repair or
ligation. This is appropriate as the in-hospital trauma team is immediately
available, and there are often other injuries present in the victim. The pitfall
to avoid during evaluation of the patient in the emergency center is a missed
diagnosis. In the patient without 'hard' signs of a peripheral vascular injury, a
careful history (bleeding), physical examination including measurement of
ankle-brachial (ABI) or brachial-brachial index and liberal use of CT
arteriography depending on an ABI <0.9?should essentially make the diagnosis if
an arterial injury is present. At operation, one pitfall is to limit skin
preparation and draping, thereby eliminating the option of removing the greater
saphenous vein if needed as a conduit from either the groin or ankle of an
uninjured lower extremity. Another pitfall is to make a full longitudinal
incision directly over a large pulsatile hematoma. Rather, separate shorter
longitudinal incisions should be made to obtain proximal and distal vascular
control before entering the hematoma. The failure to recognize patients who
should be managed initially with insertion of a temporary intraluminal shunt is a
major pitfall as well. Not following time-proven and results-proven 'fine
techniques' of operative repair is another major pitfall. Such techniques include
the following: use of small angioaccess vascular clamps or silastic vessel loops;
passage of proximal and distal Fogarty catheters; administration of regional or
systemic heparin during complex repairs; an open anastomosis technique; and
completion arteriography after a complex arterial repair in a lower extremity.
Avoiding pitfalls should allow for success in peripheral vascular repair,
particularly since most patients are young with non-diseased vessels.