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2017 ; 83
(10
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Pirated Siderophores Promote Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
#MMPMID28283524
Grandchamp GM
; Caro L
; Shank EA
Appl Environ Microbiol
2017[May]; 83
(10
): ä PMID28283524
show ga
In microbial communities, bacteria chemically and physically interact with one
another. Some of these interactions are mediated by secreted specialized
metabolites that act as either intraspecies or interspecies signals to alter gene
expression and to change cell physiology. Bacillus subtilis is a
well-characterized soil microbe that can differentiate into multiple cell types,
including metabolically dormant endospores. We were interested in identifying
microbial interactions that affected sporulation in B. subtilis Using a
fluorescent transcriptional reporter, we observed that coculturing B. subtilis
with Escherichia coli promoted sporulation gene expression via a secreted
metabolite. To identify the active compound, we screened the E. coli Keio
Collection and identified the sporulation-accelerating cue as the siderophore
enterobactin. B. subtilis has multiple iron acquisition systems that are used to
take up the B. subtilis-produced siderophore bacillibactin, as well as to pirate
exogenous siderophores such as enterobactin. While B. subtilis uses a single
substrate binding protein (FeuA) to take up both bacillibactin and enterobactin,
we discovered that it requires two distinct genes to sporulate in response to
these siderophores (the esterase gene besA for bacillibactin and a putative
esterase gene, ybbA, for enterobactin). In addition, we found that siderophores
from a variety of other microbial species also promote sporulation in B. subtilis
Our results thus demonstrate that siderophores can act not only as bacterial iron
acquisition systems but also as interspecies cues that alter cellular development
and accelerate sporulation in B. subtilisIMPORTANCE While much is known about the
genetic regulation of Bacillus subtilis sporulation, little is understood about
how other bacteria influence this process. This work describes an interaction
between Escherichia coli and B. subtilis that accelerates sporulation in B.
subtilis The interaction is mediated by the E. coli siderophore enterobactin; we
show that other species' siderophores also promote sporulation gene expression in
B. subtilis These results suggest that siderophores not only may supply bacteria
with the mineral nutrient iron but also may play a role in bacterial interspecies
signaling, providing a cue for sporulation. Siderophores are produced by many
bacterial species and thus potentially play important roles in altering bacterial
cell physiology in diverse environments.
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