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Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion
#MMPMID27086882
Kiela PR
; Ghishan FK
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol
2016[Apr]; 30
(2
): 145-59
PMID27086882
show ga
Virtually all nutrients from the diet are absorbed into blood across the highly
polarized epithelial cell layer forming the small and large intestinal mucosa.
Anatomical, histological, and functional specializations along the
gastrointestinal tract are responsible for the effective and regulated nutrient
transport via both passive and active mechanisms. In this chapter, we summarize
the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanism of intestinal absorption
of key nutrients such as sodium, anions (chloride, sulfate, oxalate),
carbohydrates, amino acids and peptides, lipids, lipid- and water-soluble
vitamins, as well as the major minerals and micronutrients. This outline,
including the molecular identity, specificity, and coordinated activities of key
transport proteins and genes involved, serves as the background for the following
chapters focused on the pathophysiology of acquired and congenital intestinal
malabsorption, as well as clinical tools to test and treat malabsorptive
symptoms.
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