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2014 ; 9
(1
): 16-27
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Physiologically relevant organs on chips
#MMPMID24357624
Yum K
; Hong SG
; Healy KE
; Lee LP
Biotechnol J
2014[Jan]; 9
(1
): 16-27
PMID24357624
show ga
Recent advances in integrating microengineering and tissue engineering have
generated promising microengineered physiological models for experimental
medicine and pharmaceutical research. Here we review the recent development of
microengineered physiological systems, or also known as "ogans-on-chips", that
reconstitute the physiologically critical features of specific human tissues and
organs and their interactions. This technology uses microengineering approaches
to construct organ-specific microenvironments, reconstituting tissue structures,
tissue-tissue interactions and interfaces, and dynamic mechanical and biochemical
stimuli found in specific organs, to direct cells to assemble into functional
tissues. We first discuss microengineering approaches to reproduce the key
elements of physiologically important, dynamic mechanical microenvironments,
biochemical microenvironments, and microarchitectures of specific tissues and
organs in microfluidic cell culture systems. This is followed by examples of
microengineered individual organ models that incorporate the key elements of
physiological microenvironments into single microfluidic cell culture systems to
reproduce organ-level functions. Finally, microengineered multiple organ systems
that simulate multiple organ interactions to better represent human physiology,
including human responses to drugs, is covered in this review. This emerging
organs-on-chips technology has the potential to become an alternative to 2D and
3D cell culture and animal models for experimental medicine, human disease
modeling, drug development, and toxicology.
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