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2014 ; 38
(6
): 1250-70
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Physical stress and bacterial colonization
#MMPMID25212723
Otto M
FEMS Microbiol Rev
2014[Nov]; 38
(6
): 1250-70
PMID25212723
show ga
Bacterial surface colonizers are subject to a variety of physical stresses.
During the colonization of human epithelia such as on the skin or the intestinal
mucosa, bacteria mainly have to withstand the mechanical stress of being removed
by fluid flow, scraping, or epithelial turnover. To that end, they express a
series of molecules to establish firm attachment to the epithelial surface, such
as fibrillar protrusions (pili) and surface-anchored proteins that bind to human
matrix proteins. In addition, some bacteria--in particular gut and urinary tract
pathogens--use internalization by epithelial cells and other methods such as
directed inhibition of epithelial turnover to ascertain continued association
with the epithelial layer. Furthermore, many bacteria produce multilayered
agglomerations called biofilms with a sticky extracellular matrix, providing
additional protection from removal. This review will give an overview over the
mechanisms human bacterial colonizers have to withstand physical stresses with a
focus on bacterial adhesion.