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2015 ; 6
(ä): 6368
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Photonic crystals cause active colour change in chameleons
#MMPMID25757068
Teyssier J
; Saenko SV
; van der Marel D
; Milinkovitch MC
Nat Commun
2015[Mar]; 6
(ä): 6368
PMID25757068
show ga
Many chameleons, and panther chameleons in particular, have the remarkable
ability to exhibit complex and rapid colour changes during social interactions
such as male contests or courtship. It is generally interpreted that these
changes are due to dispersion/aggregation of pigment-containing organelles within
dermal chromatophores. Here, combining microscopy, photometric videography and
photonic band-gap modelling, we show that chameleons shift colour through active
tuning of a lattice of guanine nanocrystals within a superficial thick layer of
dermal iridophores. In addition, we show that a deeper population of iridophores
with larger crystals reflects a substantial proportion of sunlight especially in
the near-infrared range. The organization of iridophores into two superposed
layers constitutes an evolutionary novelty for chameleons, which allows some
species to combine efficient camouflage with spectacular display, while
potentially providing passive thermal protection.