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2016 ; 159
(4
): 379-85
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Phospho-ubiquitin: upending the PINK-Parkin-ubiquitin cascade
#MMPMID26839319
Matsuda N
J Biochem
2016[Apr]; 159
(4
): 379-85
PMID26839319
show ga
Mitochondria with decreased membrane potential are characterized by defects in
protein import into the matrix and impairments in high-efficiency synthesis of
ATP. These low-quality mitochondria are marked with ubiquitin for selective
degradation. Key factors in this mechanism are PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
(PINK1, a mitochondrial kinase) and Parkin (a ubiquitin ligase), disruption of
which has been implicated in predisposition to Parkinson's disease. Previously,
the clearance of damaged mitochondria had been thought to be the end result of a
simple cascading reaction of PINK1-Parkin-ubiquitin. However, in the past year,
several research groups including ours unexpectedly revealed that Parkin
regulation is mediated by PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of ubiquitin. These
results overturned the simple hierarchy that posited PINK1 and ubiquitin as the
upstream and downstream factors of Parkin, respectively. Although ubiquitylation
is well-known as a post-translational modification, it has recently become clear
that ubiquitin itself can be modified, and that this modification unexpectedly
converts ubiquitin to a factor that functions in retrograde signalling.