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2018 ; 7
(1
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Pharmacological Agents Targeting the Cellular Prion Protein
#MMPMID29518975
Barreca ML
; Iraci N
; Biggi S
; Cecchetti V
; Biasini E
Pathogens
2018[Mar]; 7
(1
): ä PMID29518975
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Prion diseases are associated with the conversion of the cellular prion protein
(PrP(C)), a glycoprotein expressed at the surface of a wide variety of cell
types, into a misfolded conformer (the scrapie form of PrP, or PrP(Sc)) that
accumulates in brain tissues of affected individuals. PrP(Sc) is a self-catalytic
protein assembly capable of recruiting native conformers of PrP(C), and causing
their rearrangement into new PrP(Sc) molecules. Several previous attempts to
identify therapeutic agents against prion diseases have targeted PrP(Sc), and a
number of compounds have shown potent anti-prion effects in experimental models.
Unfortunately, so far, none of these molecules has successfully been translated
into effective therapies for prion diseases. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests
that PrP(Sc) might be a difficult pharmacological target because of its poorly
defined structure, heterogeneous composition, and ability to generate different
structural conformers (known as prion strains) that can elude pharmacological
intervention. In the last decade, a less intuitive strategy to overcome all these
problems has emerged: targeting PrP(C), the common substrate of any prion strain
replication. This alternative approach possesses several technical and
theoretical advantages, including the possibility of providing therapeutic
effects also for other neurodegenerative disorders, based on recent observations
indicating a role for PrP(C) in delivering neurotoxic signals of different
misfolded proteins. Here, we provide an overview of compounds claimed to exert
anti-prion effects by directly binding to PrP(C), discussing pharmacological
properties and therapeutic potentials of each chemical class.