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2012 ; 1
(2
): 79-84
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Pharmacogenomics and its importance in pediatric medicine
#MMPMID27625807
Shastry BS
J Pediatr Genet
2012[Jun]; 1
(2
): 79-84
PMID27625807
show ga
Individual variation in drug response and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a
serious problem in medicine. This individual variation in drug response could be
due to multiple factors but there is strong evidence that genetic factors play a
significant role in drug response variability and toxicity. Although substantial
studies that link genetic variants to inter-individual difference in drug
response in adults have been reported, such studies are comparatively rare in
pediatric medicine. The ultimate goal of medical research is to improve human
health in every disease and every patient. Many diseases such as asthma, autism,
epilepsy, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder develop during childhood. Human development is a rapidly changing
process. In children, there are differences in absorption, distribution,
excretion and metabolizing capabilities of a drug compared with adults.
Therefore, many pharmacological and toxicological actions of drugs in children
are not predictable from adult experience. It is also possible that children may
experience a different range of ADRs that may have long-term implications for
their development. Therefore, an improved understanding of the drug
transformation pathways for all age groups is necessary. Such studies could
provide insight into the susceptibility of a child to ADRs. The availability of
the complete sequence of human genome and the biochip technology may help in
identifying the polymorphic variations in drug related genes. In this regard,
pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic studies may play an important role in
providing markers of increased risk or susceptibility. Based on this genetic
information, children at risk can be identified before therapy is initiated and
pediatric ADRs may be minimized. In this short article, an attempt has been made
to emphasize the importance of pharmacogenomics in pediatrics.