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2016 ; 43
(2
): 66-77
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Perspectives for Monocyte/Macrophage-Based Diagnostics of Chronic Inflammation
#MMPMID27226789
Kzhyshkowska J
; Gudima A
; Moganti K
; Gratchev A
; Orekhov A
Transfus Med Hemother
2016[Mar]; 43
(2
): 66-77
PMID27226789
show ga
Low-grade chronic inflammation underlies the development of the most dangerous
cardiometabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and its vascular
complications. In contrast to acute inflammation induced by bacteria and viruses,
chronic inflammation can be driven by abnormal reaction to endogenous factors,
including Th2 cytokines, metabolic factors like advanced glycation end products
(AGEs), modified lipoproteins, or hyperglycemia. The key innate immune cells that
recognize these factors in blood circulation are monocytes. Inflammatory
programming of monocytes which migrate into tissues can, in turn, result into
generation of tissue macrophages with pathological functions. Therefore,
determination of the molecular and functional phenotype of circulating monocytes
is a very promising diagnostic tool for the identification of hidden
inflammation, which can precede the development of the pathology. Here we propose
a new test system for the identification of inflammatory programming of
monocytes: surface biomarkers and ex vivo functional system. We summarize the
current knowledge about surface biomarkers for monocyte subsets, including CD16,
CCR2, CX3CR1, CD64, stabilin-1 and CD36, and their association with inflammatory
human disorders. Furthermore, we present the design of an ex vivo monocyte-based
test system with minimal set of parameters as a potential diagnostic tool for the
identification of personalized inflammatory responses.