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2017 ; 7
(1
): 3-5
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Personalized medicine could transform healthcare
#MMPMID28685051
Mathur S
; Sutton J
Biomed Rep
2017[Jul]; 7
(1
): 3-5
PMID28685051
show ga
Personalized medicine (PM) is about tailoring a treatment as individualized as
the disease. The approach relies on identifying genetic, epigenomic, and clinical
information that allows the breakthroughs in our understanding of how a person's
unique genomic portfolio makes them vulnerable to certain diseases. PM approach
is a complete extension of traditional approach (One-Size-Fits-All) to increasing
our ability to predict which medical treatments will be safe and effective for
individual patient, and which ones will not be, based on the patient's unique
genetic profile. Implementation of PM has the potential to reduce financial and
time expenditure, and increase quality of life and life extension of patients.
Knowledge of PM facilitates earlier disease detection via enhanced use of
existing biomarkers and detection of early genomic and epigenomic events in
disease development, particularly carcinogenesis. The PM approach predominantly
focuses on preventative medicine and favours taking pro-active actions rather
than just reactive. This approach delays or prevents the need to apply more
severe treatments which are usually less tolerated and with increased quality of
life and financial considerations. Increasing healthcare costs have placed
additional pressure on government funded healthcare systems globally, especially
regarding end of life care. PM may increase the effectiveness of existing
treatments and negate the inherent problems associated with non-PM approaches. PM
is a young but rapidly expanding field of healthcare where a physician can select
a treatment based on a patient's genetic profile that may not only minimize
harmful side effects and guarantee a more successful result, but can be less cost
effective compared with a 'trial-and-error' approach to disease treatment. The
less efficient non-PM ('trial-and-error') approach, which can lead to drug
toxicity, severe side effects, reactive treatment and misdiagnosis continue to
contribute to increasing healthcare costs. Increased patient stratification will
allow for the enhanced application of PM and pro-active treatment regimens,
resulting in reduced costs and quality of life enhancement.
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