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Persistent Lymphopenia after Diagnosis of Sepsis Predicts Mortality #MMPMID25051284
Shock 2014[Nov]; 42 (5): 383-91 PMID25051284show ga
Objective: To determine whether persistent lymphopenia on the fourth day following the diagnosis of sepsis predicts mortality. Methods: Single-center, retrospective cohort study of 335 adult patients with bacteremia and sepsis admitted to a large university-affiliated tertiary care hospital between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2012. All complete blood cell count profiles during the first four days following the diagnosis of sepsis were recorded. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included development of secondary infections, 1-year mortality, and hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay. Results: 76 (22.7%) patients died within 28 days. Lymphopenia was present in 28-day survivors (median 0.7 cells/?l × 103 [IQR 0.4, 1.1]) and non-survivors (median 0.6 cells/?l × 103 [IQR 0.4, 1.1]) at the onset of sepsis and was not significantly different between the groups (p = .35). By Day 4, the median absolute lymphocyte count was significantly higher in survivors compared to non-survivors (1.1 cells/?l × 103 [IQR 0.7, 1.5] vs 0.7 cells/?l × 103 [IQR 0.5, 1.0], p < .0001). Using logistic regression to account for potentially confounding factors (including age, APACHEII score, comorbidities, surgical procedure during the study period, and time until appropriate antibiotic administration), day 4 absolute lymphocyte count was found to be independently associated with 28-day survival (adjusted OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.51, 0.91]) and 1-year survival (adjusted OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.59, 0.93]). Severe persistent lymphopenia (defined as an absolute lymphocyte count ? 0.6 cells/?L × 103 on the fourth day after sepsis diagnosis) was associated with increased development of secondary infections (p = .04). Conclusions: Persistent lymphopenia on the fourth day following the diagnosis of sepsis predicts early and late mortality and may serve as a biomarker for sepsis-induced immunosuppression.