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2018 ; 10
(ä): 210
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Pericyte Structural Remodeling in Cerebrovascular Health and Homeostasis
#MMPMID30065645
Berthiaume AA
; Hartmann DA
; Majesky MW
; Bhat NR
; Shih AY
Front Aging Neurosci
2018[]; 10
(ä): 210
PMID30065645
show ga
The biology of brain microvascular pericytes is an active area of research and
discovery, as their interaction with the endothelium is critical for multiple
aspects of cerebrovascular function. There is growing evidence that pericyte loss
or dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, vascular
dementia, ischemic stroke and brain injury. However, strategies to mitigate or
compensate for this loss remain limited. In this review, we highlight a novel
finding that pericytes in the adult brain are structurally dynamic in vivo, and
actively compensate for loss of endothelial coverage by extending their
far-reaching processes to maintain contact with regions of exposed endothelium.
Structural remodeling of pericytes may present an opportunity to foster
pericyte-endothelial communication in the adult brain and should be explored as a
potential means to counteract pericyte loss in dementia and cerebrovascular
disease. We discuss the pathophysiological consequences of pericyte loss on
capillary function, and the biochemical pathways that may control pericyte
remodeling. We also offer guidance for observing pericytes in vivo, such that
pericyte structural remodeling can be more broadly studied in mouse models of
cerebrovascular disease.