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2015 ; 112
(12
): 3599-605
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Perceived intent motivates people to magnify observed harms
#MMPMID25733850
Ames DL
; Fiske ST
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015[Mar]; 112
(12
): 3599-605
PMID25733850
show ga
Existing moral psychology research commonly explains certain phenomena in terms
of a motivation to blame. However, this motivation is not measured directly, but
rather is inferred from other measures, such as participants' judgments of an
agent's blameworthiness. The present paper introduces new methods for assessing
this theoretically important motivation, using tools drawn from animal-model
research. We test these methods in the context of recent "harm-magnification"
research, which shows that people often overestimate the damage caused by
intentional (versus unintentional) harms. A preliminary experiment exemplifies
this work and also rules out an alternative explanation for earlier
harm-magnification results. Exp. 1 asks whether intended harm motivates blame or
merely demonstrates the actor's intrinsic blameworthiness. Consistent with a
motivational interpretation, participants freely chose blaming, condemning, and
punishing over other appealing tasks in an intentional-harm condition, compared
with an unintentional-harm condition. Exp. 2 also measures motivation but with
converging indicators of persistence (effort, rate, and duration) in blaming. In
addition to their methodological contribution, these studies also illuminate
people's motivational responses to intentional harms. Perceived intent emerges as
catalyzing a motivated social cognitive process related to social prediction and
control.